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Mint-made errors are errors in a coin made by the mint during the minting process. Mint error coins can be the result of deterioration of the minting equipment, accidents or malfunctions during the minting process. Errors can occur during three different stages of the coining process: the preparing of the planchets, the preparing of the dies, and the striking of the coin. Error coins in modern minting are usually very rare , making them valuable to numismatists.
To prepare planchets on which to strike coins, a mint first purchases strips of metal of the correct composition of the coin to be produced. These strips are fed through a blanking machine that cuts them into the metal disks on which the coins are struck, which are known as blanks or planchets. The shape of the coin, whether it be circular, rectangular, or any other shape, is determined by the manner in which the blanking machine shapes the planchets. At this stage, the blanks are type-1 blanks. Next, these type-1 blanks go into an upending mill, which gives the blanks an upended rim or upset rim, which is where the rim becomes slightly raised and rounds off to the center of the planchet. Planchets with upended rims are called type-2 planchets.
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