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An electrolytic capacitor definition is, it is a polarized capacitor whose anode has a higher or more positive voltage than the cathode. As the name suggests, it is a polarized capacitor. An electrolytic capacitor function uses an electrolyte to operate with a higher or more positive voltage on the anode than the cathode. Therefore, the anode terminal is denoted with a positive sign, while the cathode with a negative sign. Applying a reverse polarity voltage of 1 to 1.5 volts may destroy the capacitor and dielectric, which is hazardous, leading to an explosion or fire.
An electrolytic capacitor uses an electrolyte in the form of solid, liquid or gel — serves as a cathode or negative plate to achieve much higher capacitance per unit volume. On the other hand, a positive plate or anode made of metal acts as an insulating oxide layer formed through anodization. Allowing an oxide layer to work as the dielectric of the capacitor.