Combretum apiculatum Seeds
Red Bushwillow Tree
The bushwillows or combretums, is a genus of the Combretaceae family. The genus comprises about 370 species of trees and shrubs, roughly 300 of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, some 25 to tropical Asia and approximately 40 to tropical America. The genus is absent in Australia. Though somewhat reminiscent of willows (Salix) in their habitats, they are not particularly close relatives of these. Bushwillow trees often are important plants in their habitat. Savannahs in Africa, in particular those growing on granitic soils, are often dominated by Combretum and its close relative Terminalia. Other species of this genus are a major component of Southwestern Amazonian moist forests. This genus contains several species that are pollinated by mammals other than bats, which is quite rare indeed. But most species are more conventionally pollinated by insects or birds. Several species are used in African or Indian traditional medicine. Combretastatins, found in the South African Bushwillow (C. caffrum) and presumably other species of this genus, are under study for the therapy of tumors, including anaplastic thyroid cancer for which there is little or no approved treatment at present. At least C. molle is also recorded to contain large quantities of punicalagins, the antioxidants well-known from the Pomegranate (Punica granatum), a somewhat related plant. These chemicals, too, are suspected to suppress cancer growth. Combretum apiculatum or Red Bushwillow is a medium sized tree from 4 - 10 meters in height. It has a short, often curved stem and is usually multi-stemmed. The leaves are shiny green, with yellow leaves seen amongst them most of the year. The medium-sized, russet, four-winged pods are visible most of the year, and it has a spreading, mostly formless, canopy. The bark is grey to brownish- grey, smooth, becoming scaly and rough with age, and breaking off in flat uneven pieces.
