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at the age of 22, he arrived in Namibia in 1908 for the first time. He participated in two military exercises organized by the mounted colonial military forces (berittenen Schutztruppe) and then bought Leipzig Farm with its 5000 hectares of farmland. He went back to Germany in 1912 for a few months and on returning to Namibia he built his own house. When World War I broke out in 1914 he owned a herd of some 500 sheep and 60 cattle.
Soldier
One of the wars first military operations took place just across the Namibia-Angola border in October 1914 when Dr Schultze-Jena, the Bezirksambtmann (Districtsofficer) of Outjo, crossed the border in search of a food convoy (Lenssen 1994: 222). A Portuguese officer invited them to Fort Naulila where the Germans Schultze-Jena, Röder and Lösch were killed as well as the servants Andreas and Hugo (the latter are not usually mentioned as casualties in the reports). A popular German version of this incident which Mattenklodt calls a Meuchelmord (assassination) is to be found in Tanz (1938); and for a more elaborate eyewitness account, see Baericke (1981). German retaliation came on 18 December 1914 under the command of Major Franke with the capture and destruction of Fort Naulila. Finally, in July 1915, the Germans had to capitulate when faced with an overwhelming majority of British and South African soldiers near the town of Otavi.
Fugitive
The German colonial militia (Schutztruppler) were allowed to return to their farms but every minor transgression against their autochthonous servants (mainly Ovambo and Herero) was heavily punished by the English. The German literature under review here presents these cases as an attempt by das perfide Albion to show that Germans were unworthy and incapable of administering colonies. Mattenklodt and four others were captured when they tried to move to East Africa. Wilhelm managed to escape his followers and, in 1918, was joined by Georg Voswinckel and Alfred Feuerstein.They lived as outlaws in the north of Namibia and Angola and after many adventures and narrow escapes from the English (lieber elend im Busch verrecken, als sich diesen Höllenhunden ergeben) they arrived back in Germany in the middle of 1920. Not only Mattenklodt but also his two companions published brief accounts of their adventures (see Tabel 2007).