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Black & White Budget was a Victorian illustrated weekly printed and published by W.J.P. Monckton in London. The first issue appeared on 14 October 1899 under the name Black & White. Thereafter it continued as Black & White Budget until 30 May 1903, after which it appeared as Black & White Illustrated Budget until 17 June 1905. There was one more issue on 24 June 1905 under the name Illustrated Budget, at which point it was discontinued. The weekly provided English readers with a comprehensive coverage of the Anglo Boer War.
The Boer War was fought between Great Britain and the two Afrikaner (Boer) republics: Transvaal and Orange Free State.
Although it was the largest and most costly war in which the British engaged between the Napoleonic Wars and World War I, it was fought between wholly unequal protagonists. The total British and Commonwealth military strength in South Africa reached nearly 500,000 men, whereas the Boers could muster no more than about 88,000. But the British were fighting in a hostile country over difficult terrain, with long lines of communications, while the Boers, mainly on the defensive, were able to use modern rifle fire to good effect, at a time when attacking forces had no means of overcoming it.
The war began on Oct. 11, 1899, following a Boer ultimatum directed against the reinforcement of the British garrison in South Africa. The crisis was caused by the refusal of the Transvaal, under President Paul Kruger, to grant political rights to the primarily English population of the mining areas of the Witwatersrand, and the aggressive attitudes of Alfred Milner (the British high commissioner) and Joseph Chamberlain (the British Colonial Secretary).
An underlying cause of the war was the presence in the Transvaal of the largest gold-mining complex in the world, beyond direct British control.
The Boer War was finally concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging in May 1902.