CHINA (QING DYNASTY) QIAN LONG EMPEROR (1736-1795) TONG BAO CASH COIN

RELISTED DUE TO NON PAYMENT!
A WONDERFUL OLD CHINESE QING DYNASTY CASH COIN. MORE SPECIFICALLY IT IS A QIAN LONG EMPEROR (1736-1795) TONG BAO CASH COIN.

The Qianlong Emperor, also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, personal name Hongli, was the fifth emperor of the Qing and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. The Qianlong Emperor ruled from 1736 to 1796. His reign lasted almost exactly as long as that of his grandfather, the Kangxi Emperor.
 
The Qianlong Emperor emulated his grandfather by also making six epic journeys to the South and commissioning a set of twelve scrolls (also titled Nanxuntu) to document one of his southern inspection tours, just as his grandfather had done.
 
Under the reign of the Qianlong Emperor, the Chinese empire grew to a size unprecedented in Chinese history and included Tibet and a great deal of central Asia, including parts of what are today Russia. In addition, China extended its political control over some of the smaller states in Southeast Asia and Korea. At the height of the Qianlong Emperor's rule, China dominated East Asia militarily, politically, and culturally.
 
It is only under the reign of the Qianlong Emperor that the image of a multiethnic Chinese empire began to emerge, comprising not only Han Chinese (the Han constitute the majority ethnic group and the dominant Chinese-language-speaking group in China), but also Mongols, Tibetans, and Manchus, among others, each with their indigenous religious traditions. For example, Tibetan Buddhism, the Manchu shamanistic cult, and the religions of the Mongols (who were largely Tibetan Buddhists as well) were all well supported during the Qianlong Emperor's reign.

Interestingly, Qianlong saw himself as the emperor of not only the Han Chinese, the Manchus, and all the other ethnic groups in his empire, but also all beyond the empire. Thus, the contingent of Jesuit missionaries who had come to China during the Kangxi Emperor's reign and still resided in Beijing were often incorporated into the activities of the Qianlong Emperor's court and deemed to be proper subjects of the "Universal Monarch."

The 268-year duration of the Qing dynasty was dominated by the rule of two monarchs: the Kangxi Emperor, who reigned from 1662 to 1722, and his grandson, the Qianlong Emperor, who reigned from 1736 to 1796. These two emperors, each of whom reigned for about 60 years, would set the course of Qing history and in large part create the political, economic, and cultural legacy inherited by modern China.
 
NOTE I HAVE ANOTHER OLD CHINESE TONG BAO CASH COIN FROM THE KANGXI EMPEROR (1662-1722) THE GRANDFATHER OF QIAN LONG ALSO ON AUCTION THIS WEEK.
 
SIZE: 23,5MM DIAMETER
CONDITION: IN GOOD CONDITION.
 
CHINESE CASH COINS:
The Qing dynasty (1644-1911), was the last imperial dynasty of China. Qing-dynasty coins, like Chinese coins for centuries before them, are copper alloy pieces cast from moulds, with a square hole in the middle and an inscription.
 
The obverse inscription on most Qing-dynasty coins consists of four characters arranged around the hole, in the order top-bottom-right-left. The first two characters provide the reign title of the emperor. A total of eleven emperors ruled the country over the 250 years of the Qing dynasty, and all of them issued coins.
 
The last two characters are usually tong and bao. Tongbao translates as circulating treasure and means coin.
 
The Qing dynasty had its capital in Beijing, which had been the capital of the preceding Ming dynasty. When it came to issuing coins, mints in the capital city, managed by the Board of Revenue and Boards of Works, were opened up first.
 
Qing-dynasty coins normally have inscriptions on both sides. The side which has four Chinese characters will be the obverse. The key is to find the character bao (meaning treasure), which is always on the left side of the hole.
 
The reading sequence for Qing coins is top-bottom, then right-left. The first two characters give the reign title of the emperor. The third and fourth characters are tong and bao. Tong means circulating and bao means treasure, and together they state that this is a coin and that it should circulate freely.
 
The reverse inscription normally gives the mint of the coin. The Board of Revenue and the Board of Works were the two principal mints in Beijing, the capital city of the Qing dynasty, and their coins were normally of good quality.
 
The character on the left is always the same: it reads boo in Manchu script. The inscription on the right varies according to the mint name.
 
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