The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine the distance to an object like bats or dolphins do. It offers excellent range accuracy and stable readings in an easy-to-use package. Its operation is not affected by sunlight or black material like Sharp rangefinders are. Similar in performance to the SRF005 but with the low-price of a Sharp infrared sensor.
- Power Supply:5V DC
- Quiescent Current: <2mA
- Effectual Angle: <15
- Ranging Distance: 2cm — 500 cm (5 meters)
- Resolution: 0.3 cm
Basic use of the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
Please see the datasheet for an excellent description of how the sensor operates.
HC-SR04 Datasheet
Using the HC-SR04 with an Arduino
Great Video here: http://vimeo.com/44836674
There is an Arduino library for the HC-SR04 that offers two ways to use the sensor. To install, download the "Ultrasonic Library" from this page, unzip the release package into your "arduino-0018/libraries/" folder. Open the Arduino IDE and include the library by Sketch-Import library-Ultrasonic. There is also an example sketch in File-Examples-Ultrasonic-UltrasonicDemo.
Ultrasonic Library
The library includes 3 functions:
1. Ultrasonic(int TP, int EP)
This is an initial function for the ultrasonic ranging module, choose the pins for module TRIG and ECHO pin. For example:
Ultrasonic(13,12);
defines the digital pin 13 of Arduino as the TRIG pin of HC-SR04 and pin 12 for the ECHO pin.
2. long Timing()
This function triggers the ultrasonic module and returns the duration that the ECHO pin was held high. For example:
long time; Ultrasonic hcsr; time = hcsr.Timing();
The distance of the object correlates to the time the ECHO pin is held high. The distance formula is:
Distance = ((Duration of high level)*(Sonic :340m/s))/2
3. long Ranging(int sys) — (sys: CM / INC)
If you don't want to change the time into distance yourself, this function will help you get the distance immediately. This function has a parameter (using CM or ICN) that shows the distance in centimetres or inches. This function will call Timing() and you don't need to use the Timing() before it. For example:
long distance; Ultrasonic hcsr; distance = hcsr.Ranging(CM);
returns the distance in centimetres.
Library: HC-SR04_Library.zip
Code
#include <NewPing.h>
#define TRIGGER_PIN 12
#define ECHO_PIN 11
#define MAX_DISTANCE 200
NewPing sonar(TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
}
void loop() {
delay(500);
unsigned int uS = sonar.ping();
Serial.print("Ping: ");
Serial.print(uS / US_ROUNDTRIP_CM);
Serial.println("cm");
}
