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Picea Sitchensis, commonly known as the Sitka spruce is the world's largest spruce. An evergreen conifer with a pyramidal form with an open crown and somewhat pendulous branches. . Fast growing, it can obtain heights of greater than 65 metres with a diameter of 5 m on favourable better sites. The bark is thin, silvery-grey or brownish, with characteristic long deciduous scales. The needles are yellowish-green or bluish-green, sharp-pointed, stiff, diamond-shaped in cross-section and tend to project from all sides of the twigs. The male cones bearing the pollen are reddish. The female cones bearing the seeds are reddish-brown becoming brown, with thin, wavy, irregularly toothed scales hang down from the branches and are cylindrical. The base of the bole is buttressed. When forest grown the bole is long and free of lower limbs. The root system of Sitka spruce is shallow and platelike with long lateral roots with few branchings. On deep well-drained soils the root system may reach depths of 2 m., especially on alluvial soils.
It grows best on sites with deep, moist, well-drained soils. It can tolerate the salty ocean spray of seaside dunes, headlands, and beaches, and the brackish water of bogs, but is limited to areas of high annual rainfall with cool, moist summers. Sitka spruce has a stong affinity for acidic soils with pH typically ranging from 4.0 to 5. It requires a site in full sun.